Volume 18, Issue 4 (12-2023)
J. Mon. Ec. 2023, 18(4): 457-496 |
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Safari O, Assadzadeh A, Mirjalili S H. Measuring Fiscal Policy Uncertainty in Iran. J. Mon. Ec. 2023; 18 (4) : 3
URL: http://jme.mbri.ac.ir/article-1-662-en.html
URL: http://jme.mbri.ac.ir/article-1-662-en.html
1- Ph.D in Economics, University of Tabriz, Iran.
2- Associate Professor of Economics, University of Tabriz, Iran.
3- Professor of Economics, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran
2- Associate Professor of Economics, University of Tabriz, Iran.
3- Professor of Economics, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (338 Views)
In Iran, especially in the aftermath of economic sanctions of the 2010s, and the intensification of the government's budget deficit, since 2012, there was a diminishing investment, followed by a decrease in production which led to stagnation in the economy. The government plays its economic role by implementing fiscal policy. However, when it is associated with uncertainty, the effectiveness of fiscal policy may be undermined. Therefore, we need to measure the uncertainty of fiscal policy in Iran. We measured the uncertainty index of fiscal policy in Iran using a specified fiscal reaction function. In this function, there are two types of shocks. First, fiscal level shock and second, volatility shock which is a proxy for fiscal policy uncertainty. To this end, we employ particle-filter to estimate fiscal policy uncertainty in Iran. In this paper, by measuring the structural budget balance function for Iran, we utilize it as a dependent variable. The results indicate that the trend of balance or total budget deficit has a compliance with the trend of balance or structural budget deficit for Iran suggesting that the nature of government budget in Iran is a structural one, and in the 2010s the sanctions, adversely affected on the government budget. In 2012, the intensification of sanctions led to the increase in the uncertainty of fiscal policy until 2015 that the trend of fiscal policy uncertainty was mildly downward. In 2017, the uncertainty index of Iran's fiscal policy has increased rapidly until it reached its maximum in 2020, in which the economy did not face with such uncertainty for fiscal policy since 1979.
Article number: 3
Keywords: fiscal policy uncertainty, fiscal Shocks, cyclically adjusted budget balance, structural budget
Type of Study: Original Research - Case Study |
Subject:
Economics
Received: 6 Jul 2024 | Accepted: 12 Jan 2025 | Published: 18 Feb 2025
Received: 6 Jul 2024 | Accepted: 12 Jan 2025 | Published: 18 Feb 2025
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